J. E. B.
Stuart's Camp at "The Bower", September-October, 1862
By Heros von Borcke (1835-1895)
Heros
von Borcke was a tall, German-born soldier on Confederate Gen. J. E. B.
Stuart's staff whose accounts of the War are among the most engaging
written. After the dreadful battle at
Sharpsburg, Maryland, September 17th, 1862, Stuart's men repaired south into
Virginia along today's Route 480, settling at the ancestral home of the
Dandridge family, called “The Bower.” Stuart's
several hundred men encamped, partied, and disappeared momentarily on raids for
nearly a month - all from The Bower. It
was the point of departure and return for Gen. Stuart's humiliating ride to the
north around Gen. George B. McClellan's Union army of some 60,000 inert men,
made doubly so because President Lincoln was then fulminating against the
young, unsure General to make more decisive movements into Virginia.
The Bower, where romances thrived in the Indian summer air, was
truly a "brief shining moment," all the more unattainable later,
because so many of those under its fleeting spell would die later in battle.
A generation before, the South was enthralled with the book,
"Swallow Barn," that captured an elegant, benign type of plantation
life that became almost iconic to Southern self-image. Its author,
Southern-born, Baltimore lawyer, John Pendleton Kennedy, summered at the Bower,
owned by a distant relation. His papers at the Peabody Institute indicate that
it was the model for "Swallow Barn." The Bower plantation had its
darker side, of course, as documented by descendants of those serving the
table. (See “Memories of Enslavement” and Bertha Fox Jones’ interview)
Von
Borcke also relates a visit to Shepherdstown to a "Mrs. L." This
refers to Lily Parran Lee, widow and once half of a young military couple that
the Stuarts befriended when both couples were stationed in Jefferson Barracks,
Missouri before secession.
Mrs.
Lee's husband, Col. William F. Lee, a graduate of VMI, mysteriously accepted
from the young Stuart at Jefferson Barracks a set of silver spurs admirers had
given to Stuart. The spurs, meant to cite a young "rising star" would
prove to have a darker mission.
Tragically Col. Lee died after lingering days from wounds at the Battle
First Manassas/Bull Run in 1861, from when he led an unordered cavalry charge.
The then ownerless silver spurs were, according to family
tradition, given back to Gen. Stuart at this Shepherdstown visit, amid
squealing young girls snipping off Stuart's buttons and locks of hair at Mrs.
Lee's house on the northeast corner of German and Mill Streets.
When dying from wounds in 1864, Gen. Stuart asked that these same
spurs, which he was wearing, be returned once again to Mrs. Lee in
Shepherdstown. Unlucky spurs indeed. - ED
Taken from. Heros von Borcke's "Memoirs of the Confederate
War for Independence," W. Blackwood & Sons: Edinburgh, 1866. PP.
187-190, 193, 204-206, 222-223
“As a renewed attack on the morrow was not to be expected, General
Stuart with his Staff and escort started at dusk for our new headquarters in
the elysian fields of "The Bower," the beauty of which spot my
comrades had given me such glowing accounts, that I waited with great
impatience and curiosity the light of the morning arriving there, as we did, after
midnight in utter darkness.
“When I arose from my grassy couch at sunrise on the 29th
(September, 1862 - ED), I found, indeed, that the half had not been told me of
The Bower. Our headquarters were situated on a hill beneath a grove of lofty
umbrageous oaks of primitive growth, which extended on the right, towards the
large mansion-house, the thick brick walls of which, in the blush of the early
sunlight, were just visible in little patches of red through the rich verdure
of the embosoming garden. At the foot of this hill, skirting a main road to
which the slope was smooth and gradual, ran the bright little river Opequan,
its limpid waters breaking through and tumbling over cliffs and rocks, thus
forming a cascade of considerable height, with rainbows in its spray as the sun
changed every falling drop into a ruby or a diamond.
“This lovely entourage was now enlivened and diversified by the
white tents of our encampment, the General's, with its fluttering battle-flag,
in the center, by the smoke of the camp-fires where the Negroes were busily
engaged in cooking breakfasts, by the picturesque groups of officers and men
who were strolling about or cleaning their arms, and by the un-tethered horses
and mules which were quietly grazing all over the ground. One may be pardoned
some extravagance of language in attempting to describe the scene which brought
a feeling of thankful happiness to the soldier, weary of the excitement, the
toil, the hardships, and the anguish of war. We had now plenty of food for our
exhausted animals, which had undergone so much fatigue and privation, and our
own commissariat was far more abundant than it had been for many weeks. The
long mess-table, at which we dined together in the open all loaded with
substantials that seemed dainties and luxuries to us, who often for days
together had gone without food, and at best could secure only a meager repast.
“The plantation of The Bower had been long in the possession of
the family of Dandridge, one member of which more than a century ago, was the
pretty widow Custis, nee Dandridge, afterwards the wife of George Washington,
whose beauty and amiability have been preserved in history and fiction, who was
delineated by the pencil of Stuart in one generation, and the pen of Thackeray
in another. Nowhere, perhaps, in the wide limits of the State, could one have
formed a better idea of the refined manners and profuse hospitable life of dear
old Virginia, and before the breaking-out of the war. The Bower had rarely been
without its guests.
“The proprietor at the time I knew the place was a kind-hearted
intelligent gentleman of fifty or thereabouts, whose charming wife retained, in
a remarkable degree for America, the personal attractiveness of her youthful
bloom. The rest of the numerous family consisted of grown and growing sons and
daughters and nieces. Of the boys, three were in the army fighting bravely for
cause and country. The girls, some of whom were exceedingly handsome, and all
of whom were pleasing and accomplished, remained beneath the rooftree of the
old homestead. With these amiable people I soon contracted a very intimate
friendship, which neither time nor distance can ever weaken.
“Frequently, when the mocha, of which we had captured a large
supply from the enemy, was smoking invitingly on our breakfast-table, we had
the pleasure of greeting the proprietor as a welcome guest at our morning meal
at headquarters; later in the day a lady's skirt might even be seen in the
streets of our encampment; but regularly every night we proceeded with our band
to the house, where dancing was kept up till a late hour. The musical director
of our band was a private of one of our regiments, whom Stuart had detached to
his military family for his musical talent alone, Bob Sweeney, a brother of the
celebrated banjo-player, Joe Sweeney, forerunner of all the Christy's; Bob
Sweeney, who also played this favorite instrument of the family with amazing
cleverness; who knew sentimental, bibulous, martial, nautical, comic songs out
of number; who was carried about with him by the General everywhere; who will
have a conspicuous place in some of our later adventures; and who, after having
safely passed through many accidents of war, died at last of small-pox,
regretted by everybody, but most of all by Jeb Stuart.
“Bob was assisted by two of our couriers who played the violin,
musicians of inferior merit; but his chief reliance was in Mulatto Bob,
Stuart's servant, who worked the bones with the most surprising and
extraordinary agility, and became so excited that both head and feet were in
constant employment, and his body twisted about so rapidly and curiously that
one could not help fearing that he would dislocate his limbs and fly to pieces
in the midst of the break-down. General Stuart was himself always the gayest and
noisiest of the party, starting usually at the close of the festivity the
famous song-
‘If you want
to have a good time,
Jine the cavalry,
Jine the cavalry,’ &c.
- the whole of the excited company, young and old, uniting in the
chorus, the last notes of which sounded far through the still air of the night
as we walked back to our tents. General Stuart did not like it at all if any
one of his Staff officers withdrew himself from these innocent merry-makings,
after the fatigues of the day, to seek an early rest, and would always rouse
him from his slumbers to take part in the revelry.”
The Visit to Mrs. Lily Parran Lee in Shepherdstown
“On
our return through Shepherdstown, we stopped for an hour at the house of a
lady, a friend of General Stuart, Mrs. L., who had lost her husband, one of his
former classmates (This is wrong. Stuart went to West Point, Lee VMI - ED), at
the first battle of Manassas. To her and her sisters I was presented; at a
later period I became well acquainted with them. The General's presence was no
sooner known in the village than a mob of young and pretty girls collected at
Mrs. L.'s house, all very much excited - to such an extent, indeed, that the
General's uniform was in a few minutes entirely shorn of its buttons, taken as
souvenirs; and if he had given as many locks of his hair as were asked for, our
commander would soon have been totally bald. Stuart suffered all this very
gracefully, with the greater resignation as every one of these patriotic young
ladies gave him a kiss as tribute and reward. This latter favor was unhappily
not extended to the staff-officers, and it may be readily imagined that it was
tantalizing for us to look on and not take part in the pleasant ceremony. We arrived at The Bower at a late hour of
the night, but found our kind host yet awake, the excitement and anxiety of the
day having prevented him from retiring. Here we obtained compensation for the
loss of our dinner in an abundant supply of cold meat, and cut into a capital
Virginia ham with a greater amount of destruction than we had done during the
day into the ranks of the enemy.”
A Fitful Trip to the Wine Auction near Charles Town
(Von Borcke's companion is Thomas Rosser who would become a
general-ED).
“Our supplies now began to fail in the country around The Bower.
The partridges had grown exceedingly wild, and we were obliged, each in his
turn, to make long excursions into the woods and fields to keep our mess-table
furnished.
“I was therefore very much gratified when my friend Rosser
appeared early one morning at my tent, with the news that there was to be a
large auction sale of native wines and other supplies that very day, at a
plantation only eight miles off in the direction of Charlestown. As all was
quiet along our lines, we at once determined to attend the sale, so the horses
were hitched to the yellow-painted wagon, and we were soon proceeding at a
rapid trot over the rocky road, amid the loud outcries and bitter complaints of
my gallant Colonel of the 5th Virginia Cavalry, who declared that he had never
in his life experienced such joltings.
Arrived at the place of destination, we bought largely, making frequent
trials and tastings of Corinth and blackberry wines, and returned to camp with
our wagon well-filled with stores of various kinds. Among our purchases was an
immense pot of lard, which we placed in the back part of the wagon, regarding
it as an acquisition of great value for our camp biscuit-bakery. We had not,
however, counted on the melting influence of the sun upon the lard, and the
consequence was that with every jolt of the wagon over the frequent stones in
the road, the fluid mass sent its jets of grease in a fountain over the hams,
potatoes, and apples that covered the bottom of the vehicle. This annoyance, provoking
as it was, little disturbed our temper, which had been somewhat mellowed by the
frequent imbibitions of the country wine (in the way of tasting); and we
continued our drive at a rattling pace, varying our discourse from the gay to
the sentimental. We had just reached the topic of the tender passion, when, all
unheeding the roadway before us, I bumped the wagon against a large stone with
so severe a shock that Rosser was thrown out far to the left, while I settled
down, after a tremendous leap, far to the right. Fortunately, beyond some
slight contusions, neither of us sustained any damage by this rude winding-up
of our romantic conversation. The horses were reasonable enough not to run off,
and we quietly continued our drive to headquarters, but we talked no more
sentiment on the way.”
A Ball at The Bower
“At headquarters we had some very agreeable guests, among whom
were Colonel Bradley T. Johnston, and an intimate friend of General Stuart and
myself, Colonel Brien, who had formerly commanded the 1st Virginia Cavalry, and
had resigned his commission in consequence of his failing health. Every evening
before starting for the mansion-house we all assembled - guests, officers,
couriers, and Negroes - around a roaring wood-fire in the centre of our encampment,
where Sweeney, with his banjo, gave us selections from his repertoire, which
were followed by a fine quartette by some of our soldiers, who had excellent
voices, the al fresco concert always concluding with the famous chorus of “Jine
the cavalry” already mentioned, which was much more noisy than melodious. But every evening the Negroes would ask for
the lively measures of a jig or a breakdown - a request invariably granted; and
then these darkies danced within the circle of spectators like dervishes - the
spectators themselves applauding to the echo.
“On the 7th (October, 1862 - ED), a grand ball was to
take place at The Bower, to which Mr. D. had invited families from Martinsburg,
Shepherdstown, and Charlestown, and in the success of which we all felt a great
interest. As an exceptional bit of fun, Colonel Brien and I had secretly
prepared a little pantomime, ‘The Pennsylvania Farmer and his Wife,’ in which
the Colonel was to personate the farmer and I the spouse. Accordingly, when the
guests had all assembled and the ball was quite en train, the immense couple
entered the brilliantly lighted apartment - Brien enveloped in an ample
greatcoat, which had been stuffed with pillows until the form of the wearer had
assumed the most enormous proportions; I dressed in an old white ball-dress of
Mrs. D.’s that had been enlarged in every direction, and sweetly ornamented
with half-a-bushel of artificial flowers in my hair. Our success greatly outran
our expectations. Stuart, exploding with laughter, scrutinised me closely on
all sides, scarcely crediting the fact that within that tall bundle of feminine
habiliments dwelt the soul of his Chief of Staff. Again and again we were made
to repeat our little play in dumb show, until, getting tired of it and wishing to
put a stop to it, I gracefully fainted away and was carried from the room by
Brien and three or four assistants, amid the wild applause of the company, who
insisted on a repetition of the fainting scene. When, in a few moments, I made
my appearance in uniform, the laughter and applause recommenced, and Stuart
throwing his arms around my neck in a burlesque of pathos, said, ‘My dear old
Von, if I could ever forget you as I know you on the field of battle, your
appearance as a woman would never fade from my memory.’ So the joyous night
went on with dancing and merriment, until the sun stole in at the windows, and
the reveille sounding from camp reminded us that the hour of separation had
arrived.
“From a long rest, after the dissipations of the past night, I was
roused about noon by General Stuart, with orders to ride, upon some little
matters of duty, to the camp of General Jackson. I was also honoured with the
pleasing mission of presenting to old Stonewall, as a slight token of Stuart’s
high regard, a new and very ‘stunning’ uniform coat, which had just arrived
from the hands of a Richmond tailor. The garment, neatly wrapped up, was borne
on the pommel of his saddle by one of our couriers who accompanied me; and
starting at once I reached the simple tent of our great general just in time
for dinner. I found him in his old weather-stained coat, from which all the
buttons had been clipped long since by the fair hands of patriotic ladies, and
which, from exposure to sun and rain and powder-smoke, and by reason of many
rents and patches, was in a very unseemly condition.”